Quantitative Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative Summary - Essay Example Limited literature on the area provided scaffold for the conduct of a study investigating PTSD among children and adolescent victims of motor-vehicle related injuries. There were only three studies concerning PTSD in children who sustained motor-vehicle injuries, one on Swedish children aged 5-18 years, another on same-aged British youth, and one on American children 3-18 years old. A conceptual definition of PTSD was presented in the review of literature together with the psychological and physical symptoms and the length of persistence and recurrence. The literature also traced the origins of PTSD in combat-related experiences for both adults and children. Research evidence from the literature surveyed documented PTSD in children after being exposed to a variety of traumatic events such as witnessing a murder or destruction of property, or being a victim of kidnapping, gunshot, or natural disaster. As recounted by Zink and McCain, findings of researches undertaken from 1993 onwards revealed that traumatic injury in children from various causes resulted in melancholy, mood changes, attention deficits, decreased social activity, increased behavioral problems, lower scholastic achievement, increased hyperactivity, rage outbursts, intrusion, avoidance and hyper-arousal. The study was tailored based on a longitudinal descriptive design. Criteria specified for inclusion of subjects in the research were: English speaking child and parent/guardian, residence within a 60-mile radius of Cincinnati, and subjects with head injuries should have a Glasgow comma score greater than 8 to confirm their alertness and responsiveness. Children with mental retardation or hyperactivity disorder were not enrolled as subjects. Prior to the conduct of the study, approval was secured from the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Institutional Review Board. A written consent from the parents of the subjects were also obtained,

International Business - Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Business - Starbucks - Essay Example This has been the key reason, according to the case study, that managers in Starbucks decided to use alternative internationalization strategies that could protect the firm’s interests more effectively. The inappropriateness of licensing, as the core internationalization strategy of Starbucks, can be understood by referring to the characteristics of licensing. Licensing, as a strategy for expanding internationally, can offer a series of advantages. In fact, licensing is considered as one of the most popular internationalization strategies (Czinkota et al. 2009). In the context of licensing ‘a party can uses intellectual property of another party paying compensation in the form of royalty’ (Czinkota et al. 2009, p.244). The intellectual property the use of which can be allowed to third parties, under compensation, can vary, incorporating ‘patents, trademarks and business skills’ (Czinkota et al. 2009, p.244). In general, licensing has related to the fo llowing benefits: there is no need for capital investment, compared to other internationalization agreements (Czinkota et al. 2009). ... The licensing agreement is considered as an ideal strategy for testing foreign markets as of their potential to offer high profits (Cherunilam 2010). After testing a foreign market using the licensing agreement the licensor may decide to proceed to a full-entry in the particular market, in case that prospects for high growth are identified (Cherunilam 2010). In other words, the licensing agreement can be used as a means for checking a market’s prospects in regard to a specific product/ services before proceeding to the further promotion of this product/ service in the particular market (Stonehouse et al. 2007). Managers in Starbucks probably used initially the licensing agreement as a first tool for checking the perspectives of markets worldwide. It seems that the firm would prefer to avoid investing funds on internationalization agreements in regard to markets the potentials of which were unknown. After testing these markets, the firm’s managers were ready to proceed t o the next phase, i.e. to develop internationalization strategies that could offer full control over the firm’s intellectual property. At this point, reference should be made to the following fact: the company had used licensing only in Asia, probably aiming to explore the local markets’ potentials in terms of the firm’s products. In Canada, the expansion of the firm was arranged differently: the owners of Starbucks bought the stores in Canada so that a full control is secured. Of course, the use, directly, of another internationalization strategy in Canada was feasible, since the firm’s owners could have a better view of the particular market’s prospects, meaning that there was no need for testing the Canadian market in regard to its responses to